This paper investigates the associations between household cooking fuel and health as well as domestic work for both females and males. It applies an instrumental variable (IV) fixed effect model for estimation. The results reveal that transitioning to clean cooking fuels is associated with a 9.6% enhancement in females’ health status, while there is no significant improvement in health observed among males. Adoption of cleaner energy leads to a significant reduction of 20 minutes in daily housework time for females, and a more substantial decrease of 26 minutes for males.