Using the data collected by a survey of small-scale fishing households from rural coastal communities in Indonesia, we examine the underlying factors that are potentially associated with the incidence of conflicts among local marine resource users. Intra-village and inter-village conflicts are examined separately. We find that social relationships and individual perceptions of changes in fishery conditions are significantly associated with the incidence of both intra- and inter-village conflicts. The findings confirm that declining fish stocks is positively associated with inter-village conflicts but not with intra-village conflicts; while increasing catch is positively associated with intra-village conflicts but not with intra-village conflicts.